Diablada
Diablada, the devil dance, is the signature dance of the Carnival of Oruro in Bolivia, held around Candlemas. Dancers wear elaborate masks and costumes of devils and Christian figures and act out a struggle between demons and Saint Michael the Archangel, ending in the angel's victory. UNESCO traces it to a dance honouring the Uru deity Tiw, reshaped under colonial Christianity.
One account places its origin in Oruro's Socavón mines in 1789, and the first organised group with defined choreography is dated to 1904; orchestral music now accompanies it. UNESCO proclaimed the Carnival in 2001 and inscribed it in 2008, with some 28,000 dancers and 10,000 musicians taking part. Bolivia, Peru and Chile each claim roots in related devil dances.